See -ij on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Old_French"
],
[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin"
],
[
"-ια",
"-ια#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ei",
"-ei#German"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Dutch"
],
[
"theorie",
"theorie#Dutch"
],
[
"-ije",
"-ije#Dutch"
],
[
"Turkije",
"Turkije#Dutch"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ια"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ια (-ia)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ei"
},
"expansion": "German -ei",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y"
},
"expansion": "English -y",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -ie, which is borrowed from Old French -ie, from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ια (-ia). Cognate with German -ei, English -y. Dutch variants are: -ie (as in theorie) and -ije (as in Turkije).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ijen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "-ij f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ijen, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "azijnpisser (“grouch, curmudgeon, sourpuss”) + -ij → azijnpisserij (“grouchiness, curmudgeonry”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-y, -ness; forms abstract nouns denoting a state or concept related to the person(s) referred to by the stem"
],
"id": "en--ij-nl-suffix-DaJvzOkF",
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y"
],
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-diminutive"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "slager (“butcher”) + -ij → slagerij (“butcher's shop”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "komen (“merchant, trader”, variant of koopman) + -ij → komenij (“grocery store”) (archaic or historical)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ery; forms nouns denoting a business or an organization which is run by the kind of person(s) referred to by the stem"
],
"id": "en--ij-nl-suffix-CY3vhtQJ",
"links": [
[
"-ery",
"-ery"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-diminutive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛi̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ij.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl--ij.ogg/Nl--ij.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl--ij.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ij"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin"
],
[
"-io",
"-io#Latin"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#Latin"
],
[
"-ija",
"-ija#Latvian"
],
[
"-ijs",
"-ijs#Latvian"
],
[
"-ei",
"-ei#Middle_High_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "la-new",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "New Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "lv",
"3": "-ija"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -ija",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ei"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ei",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately apparently from Latin (or New Latin coinages thereof) -ia, -io, -ius, -ium, etc. In most cases likely via Latvian -ija (often pronounced /ij/) or -ijs. In some cases also possibly from Middle High German -ei.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ij",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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],
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24,
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],
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31,
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],
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"english": "Austria, analogy, station, July (< Julius), aluminium, aluminum",
"ref": "2012–2013, “*ij”, in Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits, editors, Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary], Tartu, Riga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra:",
"text": "Austrij, analōgij, statsij, jūlij, alumīnij",
"translation": "Austria, analogy, station, July (< Julius), aluminium, aluminum",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix corresponding to English -ia, -y, -ion, -ius, -ium, etc."
],
"id": "en--ij-liv-suffix-~0kk-lNI",
"links": [
[
"-ia",
"-ia#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ij/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-ij]"
}
],
"word": "-ij"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine suffixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes with red links in their headword lines",
"Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Old_French"
],
[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin"
],
[
"-ια",
"-ια#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ei",
"-ei#German"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-ie",
"-ie#Dutch"
],
[
"theorie",
"theorie#Dutch"
],
[
"-ije",
"-ije#Dutch"
],
[
"Turkije",
"Turkije#Dutch"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch -ie",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ie"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ια"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ια (-ia)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-ei"
},
"expansion": "German -ei",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-y"
},
"expansion": "English -y",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch -ie, which is borrowed from Old French -ie, from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ια (-ia). Cognate with German -ei, English -y. Dutch variants are: -ie (as in theorie) and -ije (as in Turkije).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ijen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "-ij f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ijen, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "azijnpisser (“grouch, curmudgeon, sourpuss”) + -ij → azijnpisserij (“grouchiness, curmudgeonry”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-y, -ness; forms abstract nouns denoting a state or concept related to the person(s) referred to by the stem"
],
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y"
],
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-diminutive"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "slager (“butcher”) + -ij → slagerij (“butcher's shop”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "komen (“merchant, trader”, variant of koopman) + -ij → komenij (“grocery store”) (archaic or historical)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ery; forms nouns denoting a business or an organization which is run by the kind of person(s) referred to by the stem"
],
"links": [
[
"-ery",
"-ery"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"no-diminutive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛi̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl--ij.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl--ij.ogg/Nl--ij.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl--ij.ogg"
}
],
"word": "-ij"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ia",
"-ia#Latin"
],
[
"-io",
"-io#Latin"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#Latin"
],
[
"-ija",
"-ija#Latvian"
],
[
"-ijs",
"-ijs#Latvian"
],
[
"-ei",
"-ei#Middle_High_German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "la-new",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "New Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "lv",
"3": "-ija"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -ija",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-ei"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -ei",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately apparently from Latin (or New Latin coinages thereof) -ia, -io, -ius, -ium, etc. In most cases likely via Latvian -ija (often pronounced /ij/) or -ijs. In some cases also possibly from Middle High German -ei.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ij",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Livonian",
"lang_code": "liv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Livonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Livonian lemmas",
"Livonian suffixes",
"Livonian terms borrowed from Latvian",
"Livonian terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Livonian terms derived from Latin",
"Livonian terms derived from Latvian",
"Livonian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Livonian terms derived from New Latin",
"Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Livonian terms with quotations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
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"english": "Austria, analogy, station, July (< Julius), aluminium, aluminum",
"ref": "2012–2013, “*ij”, in Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits, editors, Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary], Tartu, Riga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra:",
"text": "Austrij, analōgij, statsij, jūlij, alumīnij",
"translation": "Austria, analogy, station, July (< Julius), aluminium, aluminum",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a suffix corresponding to English -ia, -y, -ion, -ius, -ium, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"-ia",
"-ia#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ij/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-ij]"
}
],
"word": "-ij"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ij meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ij"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ij",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.